How to Read Structural Engineering Footing Drawing
While construction work is in progress, understanding a complex drawing is sometimes a challenging task. Ordinarily construction work is progressing on the fast runway and construction experts at the site have a lot of deportment on their to-do listing. They accept to brand many decisions, making progress reports, handling labor, etc. they might have been left with express fourth dimension to read the drawings before execution of the structure works. Minor mistakes in reading the drawings tin cause a major issue. For example, if coordinates marked on a foundation drawing are read incorrectly, the foundation will be cast at the wrong location. The casting of the foundation at wrong coordinates will cause a mismatch in other interconnecting items or structural elements. The error in reading the coordinates seems to be very minor, simply may be very difficult to handle later on.
These tips will assistance you to quickly read of import information from foundation drawing.
When you receive a foundation drawing, quickly go through the following sections of the drawing to get familiar with the drawing.
Notes
Notes provided on a foundation drawing are as of import equally the layout, sections, and details of the foundation. The notes generally contain of import information, similar specifications for materials, units of measurements, construction methodology/sequence, whatever special instructions, etc. Sometimes these notes are ignored by construction engineers and supervisors considering these of to the lowest degree importance. Only, it is very important to read all notes and follow them during construction, considering designers prefer writing notes for all those elements which are difficult to be shown in detail.
Abbreviations
TOG Top of Grout
TOC Top of Concrete
FGL Finished Grade Level or Finished Ground level
NSL Natural Surface Level
NGL Natural Grade Level or Natural Ground level
TYP. Typical
THK. Thick or Thickness
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
CC Cement Concrete
PCC Plain Cement Concrete
C/C Center to Center
T&B Elevation and Bottom
B/Due west Both means
Reference Drawings/Documents
Reference drawings and documents such equally general notes, relevant specifications, or any other relevant document are listed in this department. Related drawings from other engineering disciplines, e.k. equipment GA (general arrangement), piping layouts, and other electrical or mechanical drawings are also referred to. These reference documents incorporate a lot of necessary information, which can not be put on each drawing due to space limitations and ease of understanding. before starting the execution of the construction works, you must be familiar with the reference drawings. In our later posts, nosotros will discuss use of specifications and general notes in detail.
Cantankerous Referencing
When required details are 'more than in number' or complex in nature, all details are not provided in a unmarried sheet. All additional details are provided on continuation sheets. Cross-referencing is provided betwixt details and layouts of different sheets. 1 must empathize cross-referencing systems for the drawings then that no detail is overlooked at the site. Cross-referencing procedures are not universal, these are project-specific in nature. These procedures are normally defined in a project documenting process or drafting practices.
Design Information for Foundation Cartoon
These details are the chief area of the foundation drawing and are normally not disregarded by the site engineer. post-obit are the main elements provided in a foundation drawing and must be studied in detail before proceeding to the construction activities.
- Foundation Layout
- Sections
- Details
- Dimensions
- Reinforcement details
- Coordinates (Northing & Easting)
- Key programme
- Anchoring details (where applicable)
Full general Appearance
Although these elements seem to exist of less importance, in fact, have a very important role to make a foundation cartoon presentable. The main features related to appearance are the following.
- Title
- Template
In addition to the in a higher place, a cartoon prepared with defined drafting practices is always piece of cake to read and sympathise. Further, a foundation drawing must accept a controlled cartoon number, revision and signatures of engineers and draft-persons etc.
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